En el día de hoy, el Consejo de Derechos Humanos de Naciones Unidas, conformado por 47 Estados miembros (Nota 1) aprobó un texto (Resolución A/HRC/29/L/35) que condena el actuar de las fuerzas de Israel durante la última ofensiva militar realizada en Gaza durante los meses de junio, julio y agosto del 2014 y exige que tanto Israel como Palestina sancionen a los responsables de cometer graves violaciones al derecho internacional humanitario. La resolución se titula "Ensuring accountability and justice for all violations of international law in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem" (texto del proyecto de resolución reproducido al final de esta nota). El punto 5 de la parte resolutiva exige a las partes en conflicto colaborar con la investigación preliminar iniciada por la Corte Penal Internacional (CPI) en los siguientes términos: " ... 5. Calls upon the parties concerned to cooperate fully with the preliminary examination of the International Criminal Court and with any subsequent investigation that may be opened".
La resolución se adoptó con 41 votos a favor, 5 abstenciones y un voto en contra. Como es cotumbre en este tipo de votación, únicamente voto en contra la delegación de Estados Unidos. Entre los Estados que optaron por abstenerse, se contabiliza a Etiopía, India, Kenia, Macedonia y Paraguay (este último siendo el único de los 8 Estados de América Latina actualmente miembros - a saber Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Cuba, El Salvador, México, Paraguay y Venezuela - en haber optado por desmarcarse del resto de América Latina). Se lee en una nota de prensa en Israel (ver nota de Haaretz) que: "The officials added that in recent days Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu spoke with the Indian premier, the Kenyan president and the prime minister of Ethiopia and asked them to abstain". En el caso de la India, un medio de prensa indicó que "The government on Friday denied what appeared to be a major shift in India’s policy on Israel, after it abstained from a vote against Israel at the U.N. Human Rights Council in Geneva" (ver nota de The Hindu). Es probable que los Estados que se abstuvieron y que no fueron contactados directamente por las altas autoridades israelies lo hayan sido por parte de las autoridades de Estados Unidos.
La actitud de Estados Unidos recuerda la oposición solitaria expresada en julio del 2014 cuando el mismo Consejo de Derechos Humanos aprobó la creación de una Comisión de Investigación para investigar la forma en que ambos beligerantes conducían sus operaciones militares en Gaza en el 2014 (ver nota). En cambio, mientras que en julio del 2014, los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea (UE) optaron por abstenerse, esta vez votaron todos a favor del texto, incluyendo a Alemania, Francia, Países Bajos y Reino Unido. El informe de la Comisión de Investigación fue presentado el pasado 22 de junio del 2015 en Ginebra por los integrantes de dicha Comisión (ver nota).
Texto del Proyecto de Resolución:
Human Rights Council
Twenty-ninth session
Agenda item 7
Human rights situation in Palestine and other occupied Arab territories
29/… Ensuring accountability and justice for all violations of international law in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem
The Human Rights Council,
Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,
Recalling the relevant rules and principles of international law, including international humanitarian law and human rights law, in particular the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949, which is applicable to the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, Recalling also the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the other human rights covenants, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child,
Recalling further its relevant resolutions, including resolutions S-9/1 of 12 January 2009 and S-21/1 of 23 July 2014, and the report of the United Nations Fact-Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict,
Expressing its appreciation to the independent commission of inquiry on the 2014 Gaza conflict for its comprehensive report,
Affirming the obligation of all parties to respect international humanitarian law and international human rights law,
Emphasizing the importance of the safety and well-being of all civilians, reaffirming the obligation to ensure the protection of civilians in armed conflict, and deploring the civilian deaths that resulted from the conflict in and around the Gaza Strip in July and August 2014, including the killing of 1,462 Palestinian civilians, including 551 children and 299 women, and six Israeli civilians,
Gravely concerned by reports regarding serious human rights violations and grave breaches of international humanitarian law, including possible war crimes, committed in the context of the military operations conducted in the Occupied Palestinian Territory in 2008 and 2009 and in 2014, particularly in the Gaza Strip, including the findings of the United Nations Fact-Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict, of the independent commission of inquiry on the 2014 Gaza conflict, and of the boards of inquiry convened by the Secretary-General,
Condemning all violations of human rights and of international humanitarian law, and appalled at the widespread and unprecedented levels of destruction, death and human suffering caused,
Stressing the urgency of achieving without delay an end to the Israeli occupation that began in 1967,
Deploring the non-cooperation by Israel with the independent commission of inquiry on the 2014 Gaza conflict and the refusal to grant access to or to cooperate with international human rights bodies seeking to investigate alleged violations of international law in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem,
Regretting the lack of implementation of the recommendations contained in the report of the United Nations Fact-Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict, which follows a pattern of lack of implementation of recommendations made by United Nations mechanisms and bodies,
Alarmed that long-standing systemic impunity for international law violations has allowed for the recurrence of grave violations without consequence, and stressing the need to ensure accountability for all violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law in order to end impunity, ensure justice, deter further violations, protect civilians and promote peace,
Emphasizing the need for States to investigate grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 to end impunity, uphold their obligations to ensure respect, and promote international accountability,
Noting the accession by Palestine to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court on 2 January 2015,
1. Welcomes the report of the independent commission of inquiry on the 2014 Gaza conflict;
2. Calls upon all duty bearers and United Nations bodies to pursue the implementation of all recommendations contained in the report of the commission of inquiry, in accordance with their respective mandates;
3. Notes the importance of the work of the commission of inquiry and of the United Nations Fact-Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict of 2009 and the information collected regarding grave violations in support of future accountability efforts, in particular, information on alleged perpetrators of violations of international law;
4. Emphasizes the need to ensure that all those responsible for violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law are held to account through appropriate fair and independent domestic or international criminal justice mechanisms, and to ensure the right of all victims to an effective remedy, including full reparations, and stresses the need to pursue practical steps towards these goals;
5. Calls upon the parties concerned to cooperate fully with the preliminary examination of the International Criminal Court and with any subsequent investigation that may be opened;
6. Calls upon all States to promote compliance with human rights obligations and all High Contracting Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention to respect, and to ensure respect for, international humanitarian law in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, in accordance with article 1 common to the Geneva Conventions, and to fulfil their obligations under articles 146, 147 and 148 of the said Convention with regard to penal sanctions, grave breaches and the responsibilities of the High Contracting Parties;
7. Recommends that the General Assembly remain apprised of the matter until it is satisfied that appropriate action with regard to implementing the recommendations made by the United Nations Fact-Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict in its report has been or is being taken appropriately at the domestic or international levels to ensure justice for victims and accountability for perpetrators;
8. Requests the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to present, as part of the reporting requested by the Human Rights Council in its resolutions S-9/1 and S-12/1, a report on the implementation of the present resolution, as well as on the implementation of the recommendations contained in the reports of the independent commission of inquiry on the 2014 Gaza conflict and of the United Nations Fact-Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict, to the Council at its thirty-first session;
9. Decides to remain seized of the matter.
Nota 1: Los actuales miembros del Consejo de Derechos Humanos de Naciones Unidas son: Albania, Alemania, Algeria, Antigua República Yugoeslava de Macedonia, Arabia Saudíta, Argentina, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, China, Congo, Corea del Sur, Costa de Marfil, Cuba, El Salvador, Emiratos Arabes Unidos, Estados Unidos, Estonia, Etiopía, Francia, Gabón, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Irlanda, Japón, Kazakhstán, Kenia, Latvia, Maldivas, Marruecos, Mexico, Montenegro, Namibia, Nigeria, Países Bajos, Pakistan, Paraguay, Portugal, Reino Unido, Qatar, Rusia, Sierra Leone, Sudáfrica, Venezuela y Vietnam.
La presente nota en una versión ampliada fue editada en el medio digital Tribuglobal el 7/7/2015, en el sitio GlobalResearch el 5/7/2015, en el sitio Dirittiglobali el 5/7/2015, en el sitio jurídico Derechoaldia el 4/7/2015 y en el medio de prensa digital Cambio político el 3/7/2015.
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